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[PATCH v47 1/9] Make index_concurrently_create_copy more general
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* [PATCH v47 1/9] Make index_concurrently_create_copy more general
@ 2026-03-24 18:02 Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@kurilemu.de>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Álvaro Herrera @ 2026-03-24 18:02 UTC (permalink / raw)

Add a 'boolean concurrent' option, and make it work for both cases.
Also rename it to index_create_copy.

This allows it to be reused for other purposes -- specifically, for
REPACK CONCURRENTLY.

With the CONCURRENTLY option, REPACK cannot simply swap the heap file and
rebuild its indexes. Instead, it needs to build a separate set of indexes
(including system catalog entries) *before* the actual swap, to reduce the
time AccessExclusiveLock needs to be held for.  This approach is
different from what CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY does.

Per a suggestion from Mihail Nikalayeu.

Author: Antonin Houska <ah@cybertec.at>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/41104.1754922120@localhost
---
 src/backend/catalog/index.c      | 39 +++++++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/commands/indexcmds.c | 15 +++++++-----
 src/backend/nodes/makefuncs.c    |  9 ++++----
 src/include/catalog/index.h      |  7 +++---
 src/include/nodes/makefuncs.h    |  4 +++-
 5 files changed, 43 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1ccfa687f05..b86ad73c626 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -1289,17 +1289,17 @@ index_create(Relation heapRelation,
 }
 
 /*
- * index_concurrently_create_copy
+ * index_create_copy
  *
- * Create concurrently an index based on the definition of the one provided by
- * caller.  The index is inserted into catalogs and needs to be built later
- * on.  This is called during concurrent reindex processing.
+ * Create an index based on the definition of the one provided by caller.  The
+ * index is inserted into catalogs. If 'concurrently' is TRUE, it needs to be
+ * built later on; otherwise it's built immediately.
  *
  * "tablespaceOid" is the tablespace to use for this index.
  */
 Oid
-index_concurrently_create_copy(Relation heapRelation, Oid oldIndexId,
-							   Oid tablespaceOid, const char *newName)
+index_create_copy(Relation heapRelation, bool concurrently,
+				  Oid oldIndexId, Oid tablespaceOid, const char *newName)
 {
 	Relation	indexRelation;
 	IndexInfo  *oldInfo,
@@ -1318,6 +1318,7 @@ index_concurrently_create_copy(Relation heapRelation, Oid oldIndexId,
 	List	   *indexColNames = NIL;
 	List	   *indexExprs = NIL;
 	List	   *indexPreds = NIL;
+	int			flags = 0;
 
 	indexRelation = index_open(oldIndexId, RowExclusiveLock);
 
@@ -1328,7 +1329,7 @@ index_concurrently_create_copy(Relation heapRelation, Oid oldIndexId,
 	 * Concurrent build of an index with exclusion constraints is not
 	 * supported.
 	 */
-	if (oldInfo->ii_ExclusionOps != NULL)
+	if (oldInfo->ii_ExclusionOps != NULL && concurrently)
 		ereport(ERROR,
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
 				 errmsg("concurrent index creation for exclusion constraints is not supported")));
@@ -1384,9 +1385,7 @@ index_concurrently_create_copy(Relation heapRelation, Oid oldIndexId,
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * Build the index information for the new index.  Note that rebuild of
-	 * indexes with exclusion constraints is not supported, hence there is no
-	 * need to fill all the ii_Exclusion* fields.
+	 * Build the index information for the new index.
 	 */
 	newInfo = makeIndexInfo(oldInfo->ii_NumIndexAttrs,
 							oldInfo->ii_NumIndexKeyAttrs,
@@ -1395,10 +1394,13 @@ index_concurrently_create_copy(Relation heapRelation, Oid oldIndexId,
 							indexPreds,
 							oldInfo->ii_Unique,
 							oldInfo->ii_NullsNotDistinct,
-							false,	/* not ready for inserts */
-							true,
+							!concurrently,	/* isready */
+							concurrently,	/* concurrent */
 							indexRelation->rd_indam->amsummarizing,
-							oldInfo->ii_WithoutOverlaps);
+							oldInfo->ii_WithoutOverlaps,
+							oldInfo->ii_ExclusionOps,
+							oldInfo->ii_ExclusionProcs,
+							oldInfo->ii_ExclusionStrats);
 
 	/*
 	 * Extract the list of column names and the column numbers for the new
@@ -1436,6 +1438,9 @@ index_concurrently_create_copy(Relation heapRelation, Oid oldIndexId,
 		stattargets[i].isnull = isnull;
 	}
 
+	if (concurrently)
+		flags = INDEX_CREATE_SKIP_BUILD | INDEX_CREATE_CONCURRENT;
+
 	/*
 	 * Now create the new index.
 	 *
@@ -1459,7 +1464,7 @@ index_concurrently_create_copy(Relation heapRelation, Oid oldIndexId,
 							  indcoloptions->values,
 							  stattargets,
 							  reloptionsDatum,
-							  INDEX_CREATE_SKIP_BUILD | INDEX_CREATE_CONCURRENT,
+							  flags,
 							  0,
 							  true, /* allow table to be a system catalog? */
 							  false,	/* is_internal? */
@@ -2453,7 +2458,8 @@ BuildIndexInfo(Relation index)
 					   indexStruct->indisready,
 					   false,
 					   index->rd_indam->amsummarizing,
-					   indexStruct->indisexclusion && indexStruct->indisunique);
+					   indexStruct->indisexclusion && indexStruct->indisunique,
+					   NULL, NULL, NULL);
 
 	/* fill in attribute numbers */
 	for (i = 0; i < numAtts; i++)
@@ -2513,7 +2519,8 @@ BuildDummyIndexInfo(Relation index)
 					   indexStruct->indisready,
 					   false,
 					   index->rd_indam->amsummarizing,
-					   indexStruct->indisexclusion && indexStruct->indisunique);
+					   indexStruct->indisexclusion && indexStruct->indisunique,
+					   NULL, NULL, NULL);
 
 	/* fill in attribute numbers */
 	for (i = 0; i < numAtts; i++)
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/indexcmds.c b/src/backend/commands/indexcmds.c
index 373e8234794..4a2d21915b1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/indexcmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/indexcmds.c
@@ -244,7 +244,8 @@ CheckIndexCompatible(Oid oldId,
 	 */
 	indexInfo = makeIndexInfo(numberOfAttributes, numberOfAttributes,
 							  accessMethodId, NIL, NIL, false, false,
-							  false, false, amsummarizing, isWithoutOverlaps);
+							  false, false, amsummarizing, isWithoutOverlaps,
+							  NULL, NULL, NULL);
 	typeIds = palloc_array(Oid, numberOfAttributes);
 	collationIds = palloc_array(Oid, numberOfAttributes);
 	opclassIds = palloc_array(Oid, numberOfAttributes);
@@ -931,7 +932,8 @@ DefineIndex(ParseState *pstate,
 							  !concurrent,
 							  concurrent,
 							  amissummarizing,
-							  stmt->iswithoutoverlaps);
+							  stmt->iswithoutoverlaps,
+							  NULL, NULL, NULL);
 
 	typeIds = palloc_array(Oid, numberOfAttributes);
 	collationIds = palloc_array(Oid, numberOfAttributes);
@@ -3989,10 +3991,11 @@ ReindexRelationConcurrently(const ReindexStmt *stmt, Oid relationOid, const Rein
 			tablespaceid = indexRel->rd_rel->reltablespace;
 
 		/* Create new index definition based on given index */
-		newIndexId = index_concurrently_create_copy(heapRel,
-													idx->indexId,
-													tablespaceid,
-													concurrentName);
+		newIndexId = index_create_copy(heapRel,
+									   true,
+									   idx->indexId,
+									   tablespaceid,
+									   concurrentName);
 
 		/*
 		 * Now open the relation of the new index, a session-level lock is
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/makefuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/makefuncs.c
index 3cd35c5c457..8d23aa917e5 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/makefuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/makefuncs.c
@@ -834,7 +834,8 @@ IndexInfo *
 makeIndexInfo(int numattrs, int numkeyattrs, Oid amoid, List *expressions,
 			  List *predicates, bool unique, bool nulls_not_distinct,
 			  bool isready, bool concurrent, bool summarizing,
-			  bool withoutoverlaps)
+			  bool withoutoverlaps, Oid *exclusion_ops, Oid *exclusion_procs,
+			  uint16 *exclusion_strats)
 {
 	IndexInfo  *n = makeNode(IndexInfo);
 
@@ -863,9 +864,9 @@ makeIndexInfo(int numattrs, int numkeyattrs, Oid amoid, List *expressions,
 	n->ii_PredicateState = NULL;
 
 	/* exclusion constraints */
-	n->ii_ExclusionOps = NULL;
-	n->ii_ExclusionProcs = NULL;
-	n->ii_ExclusionStrats = NULL;
+	n->ii_ExclusionOps = exclusion_ops;
+	n->ii_ExclusionProcs = exclusion_procs;
+	n->ii_ExclusionStrats = exclusion_strats;
 
 	/* speculative inserts */
 	n->ii_UniqueOps = NULL;
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/index.h b/src/include/catalog/index.h
index a38e95bc0eb..ed9e4c37d27 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/index.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/index.h
@@ -101,10 +101,9 @@ extern Oid	index_create(Relation heapRelation,
 #define	INDEX_CONSTR_CREATE_REMOVE_OLD_DEPS	(1 << 4)
 #define	INDEX_CONSTR_CREATE_WITHOUT_OVERLAPS (1 << 5)
 
-extern Oid	index_concurrently_create_copy(Relation heapRelation,
-										   Oid oldIndexId,
-										   Oid tablespaceOid,
-										   const char *newName);
+extern Oid	index_create_copy(Relation heapRelation, bool concurrently,
+							  Oid oldIndexId, Oid tablespaceOid,
+							  const char *newName);
 
 extern void index_concurrently_build(Oid heapRelationId,
 									 Oid indexRelationId);
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/makefuncs.h b/src/include/nodes/makefuncs.h
index bf54d39feb0..40ec249a7a1 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/makefuncs.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/makefuncs.h
@@ -99,7 +99,9 @@ extern IndexInfo *makeIndexInfo(int numattrs, int numkeyattrs, Oid amoid,
 								List *expressions, List *predicates,
 								bool unique, bool nulls_not_distinct,
 								bool isready, bool concurrent,
-								bool summarizing, bool withoutoverlaps);
+								bool summarizing, bool withoutoverlaps,
+								Oid *exclusion_ops, Oid *exclusion_procs,
+								uint16 *exclusion_strats);
 
 extern Node *makeStringConst(char *str, int location);
 extern DefElem *makeDefElem(char *name, Node *arg, int location);
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v47-0002-give-options-bitmask-to-table_delete-table_updat.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 512+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 512+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



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2026-03-24 18:02 [PATCH v47 1/9] Make index_concurrently_create_copy more general Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@kurilemu.de>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
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2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
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2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
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2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
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2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
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2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>

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